WHERE子句

当我们需要根据指定条件从表中查询数据时,就可以在SELECT语句中添加WHERE子句,从而过滤掉我们不需要数据。WHERE子句构成一个行选择表达式,用于指定条件而获取的数据,如果给定的条件满足,才返回从表中的具体数值。

语法格式

SELECT 
{ * | [column, ...] }
[ FROM from_item [, ...] ]
[ WHERE condition ];

参数说明

  • WHERE子句

    WHERE子句构成一个行选择表达式,用来缩小SELECT查询的范围。在WHERE子句中可以使用比较运算符或逻辑运算符,例如 >, <, =, LIKE, NOT 等等。

  • condition

    condition是返回值为布尔型的任意表达式,任何不满足该条件的行都不会被检索。

示例

使用逻辑运算符读取表customer_t1。

  • AND

    找到c_customer_id为hello且c_customer_sk为3869的行。

    openGauss=# SELECT * FROM customer_t1 WHERE  c_customer_sk = 3869 AND c_customer_id = 'hello';
     c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name | amount
    ---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+--------
              3869 | hello         | Grace        |             |   1000
              3869 | hello         | Grace        |             |   1000
              3869 | hello         |              |             |
              3869 | hello         |              |             |
    (4 rows)
    
  • OR

    找到c_customer_sk大于6985或者c_customer_id为hello的行。

    openGauss=# SELECT * FROM customer_t1 WHERE  c_customer_sk > 6985 OR c_customer_id = 'hello';
    c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name | amount
    ---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+--------
              3869 | hello         | Grace        |             |   1000
              3869 | hello         | Grace        |             |   1000
              3869 | hello         |              |             |
              3869 | hello         |              |             |
              9976 | world         | James        |             |   5000
    (5 rows)
    
  • NOT NULL

    找到customer_t1中c_last_name字段不为空的行。

    openGauss=# SELECT * FROM customer_t1 WHERE  c_last_name IS NOT NULL;
     c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name | amount
    ---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+--------
    (0 rows)
    
  • BETWEEN

    找到c_customer_sk在4000和9000之间的行。

    openGauss=# SELECT * FROM customer_t1 WHERE  c_customer_sk  BETWEEN 4000 AND 9000;
     c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name | amount
    ---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+--------
              6985 | maps          | Joes         |             |   2200
              4421 | Admin         | Local        |             |   3000
    (2 rows)
    
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    openGauss 2024-12-12 00:55:08
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