语法
默认情况下,数据库安装成功,登录后,可以使用\help语句查看所有openGauss的SQL语法。
openGauss=# \help
Available help:
ABORT ALTER TABLE CREATE DATABASE CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION DROP OPERATOR MERGE
ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP ALTER TABLE PARTITION CREATE DIRECTORY CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY DROP OWNED MOVE
ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING ALTER TABLESPACE CREATE Extension CREATE TRIGGER DROP PACKAGE PREPARE
ALTER AUDIT POLICY ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION CREATE FOREIGN TABLE CREATE TYPE DROP PACKAGE BODY PREPARE TRANSACTION
ALTER DATA SOURCE ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY CREATE FUNCTION CREATE USER DROP PROCEDURE PUBLISH SNAPSHOT
ALTER DATABASE ALTER TRIGGER CREATE GROUP CREATE VIEW DROP RESOURCE LABEL PURGE SNAPSHOT
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES ALTER TYPE CREATE INDEX CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY DROP RESOURCE POOL REASSIGN OWNED
ALTER DIRECTORY ALTER USER CREATE LANGUAGE CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP DROP ROLE REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER Extension ALTER VIEW CREATE MASKING POLICY CURSOR DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY REINDEX
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE ALTER WORKLOAD GROUP CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW DEALLOCATE DROP SCHEMA RESET
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE FOR HDFS ANALYSE CREATE MODEL DECLARE DROP SEQUENCE REVOKE
ALTER FUNCTION ANALYZE CREATE NODE DELETE DROP SERVER ROLLBACK
ALTER GROUP ANONYMOUS BLOCK CREATE NODE GROUP DO DROP SYNONYM ROLLBACK PREPARED
ALTER INDEX ARCHIVE SNAPSHOT CREATE OPERATOR DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP DROP TABLE SAMPLE SNAPSHOT
ALTER LARGE OBJECT BEGIN CREATE PACKAGE DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING DROP TABLESPACE SAVEPOINT
ALTER MASKING POLICY CALL CREATE PACKAGE BODY DROP AUDIT POLICY DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION SELECT
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW CHECKPOINT CREATE PROCEDURE DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY SELECT INTO
ALTER NODE CLEAN CONNECTION CREATE RESOURCE LABEL DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY DROP TRIGGER SET
ALTER NODE GROUP CLOSE CREATE RESOURCE POOL DROP DATA SOURCE DROP TYPE SET CONSTRAINTS
ALTER OPERATOR CLUSTER CREATE ROLE DROP DATABASE DROP USER SET ROLE
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL COMMENT CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY DROP DIRECTORY DROP VIEW SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
ALTER RESOURCE POOL COMMIT CREATE SCHEMA DROP Extension DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY SET TRANSACTION
ALTER ROLE COMMIT PREPARED CREATE SEQUENCE DROP FOREIGN TABLE DROP WORKLOAD GROUP SHOW
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY COPY CREATE SERVER DROP FUNCTION END START TRANSACTION
ALTER SCHEMA CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP CREATE SNAPSHOT AS DROP GROUP EXECUTE TRUNCATE
ALTER SEQUENCE CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING CREATE SNAPSHOT FROM DROP INDEX EXECUTE DIRECT UPDATE
ALTER SERVER CREATE AUDIT POLICY CREATE SYNONYM DROP MASKING POLICY EXPLAIN VACUUM
ALTER SESSION CREATE BARRIER CREATE TABLE DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW FETCH VALUES
ALTER SYNONYM CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY CREATE TABLE AS DROP MODEL GRANT
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY CREATE TABLE PARTITION DROP NODE INSERT
ALTER SYSTEM SET CREATE DATA SOURCE CREATE TABLESPACE DROP NODE GROUP LOCK
\h name命令可以查看具体的语法信息。例如:
openGauss=# \h ABORT
Command: ABORT
Description: abort the current transaction
Syntax:
ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ;
SQL语句
一个SQL语句通常包含了关键字、标识符(字段)、常量、特殊符号。例如,简单的SQL语句:
SELECT id, name FROM t1;
关于SQL语法请见附录:SQL语法。
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