简单数据管理

创建数据库

创建一个新的数据库。缺省情况下新数据库将通过复制标准系统数据库template0来创建,且仅支持使用template0来创建。

注意事项

  • 只有拥有CREATEDB权限的用户才可以创建新数据库,系统管理员默认拥有此权限。
  • 不能在事务块中执行创建数据库语句。
  • 在创建数据库过程中,若出现类似“could not initialize database directory”的错误提示,可能是由于文件系统上数据目录的权限不足或磁盘满等原因引起。

语法格式

CREATE DATABASE database_name
    [ [ WITH ] { [ OWNER [=] user_name ] |
               [ TEMPLATE [=] template ] |
               [ ENCODING [=] encoding ] |
               [ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ] |
               [ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ] |
               [ DBCOMPATIBILITY [=] compatibilty_type ] |
               [ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name ] |
               [ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ]}[...] ];

示例

--创建jim和tom用户。
openGauss=# CREATE USER jim PASSWORD 'Bigdata@123';
openGauss=# CREATE USER tom PASSWORD 'Bigdata@123';

--创建一个GBK编码的数据库music(本地环境的编码格式必须也为GBK)。
openGauss=# CREATE DATABASE music ENCODING 'GBK' template = template0;

--创建数据库music2,并指定所有者为jim。
openGauss=# CREATE DATABASE music2 OWNER jim;

--用模板template0创建数据库music3,并指定所有者为jim。
openGauss=# CREATE DATABASE music3 OWNER jim TEMPLATE template0;

--设置music数据库的连接数为10。
openGauss=# ALTER DATABASE music CONNECTION LIMIT= 10;

--将music名称改为music4。
openGauss=# ALTER DATABASE music RENAME TO music4;

--将数据库music2的所属者改为tom。
openGauss=# ALTER DATABASE music2 OWNER TO tom;

--设置music3的表空间为PG_DEFAULT。
openGauss=# ALTER DATABASE music3 SET TABLESPACE PG_DEFAULT;

--关闭在数据库music3上缺省的索引扫描。
openGauss=# ALTER DATABASE music3 SET enable_indexscan TO off;

--重置enable_indexscan参数。
openGauss=# ALTER DATABASE music3 RESET enable_indexscan;

--删除数据库。
openGauss=# DROP DATABASE music2;
openGauss=# DROP DATABASE music3;
openGauss=# DROP DATABASE music4;

--删除jim和tom用户。
openGauss=# DROP USER jim;
openGauss=# DROP USER tom;

--创建兼容TD格式的数据库。
openGauss=# CREATE DATABASE td_compatible_db DBCOMPATIBILITY 'C';

--创建兼容ORA格式的数据库。
openGauss=# CREATE DATABASE ora_compatible_db DBCOMPATIBILITY 'A';

--删除兼容TD、ORA格式的数据库。
openGauss=# DROP DATABASE td_compatible_db;
openGauss=# DROP DATABASE ora_compatible_db;

创建表

在当前数据库中创建一个新的空白表,该表由命令执行者所有。

创建表时,如未指定表的存储方式,默认创建的是行存表;如未指定分布列时,取表的主键列(如果有的话)或首个可以作为分布列的列。

语法格式

  • 创建表。

    CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name 
        ({ column_name data_type [ compress_mode ] [ COLLATE collation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
            | table_constraint
            | LIKE source_table [ like_option [...] ] }
            [, ... ])
        [ WITH ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] ) ]
        [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
        [ COMPRESS | NOCOMPRESS ]
        [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ];
    
    • 其中列约束column_constraint为:

      [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
      { NOT NULL |
        NULL |
        CHECK ( expression ) |
        DEFAULT default_expr |
        UNIQUE index_parameters |
        PRIMARY KEY index_parameters }
      [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE | INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
      
    • 其中列的压缩可选项compress_mode为:

      { DELTA | PREFIX | DICTIONARY | NUMSTR | NOCOMPRESS }
      
    • 其中表约束table_constraint为:

      [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
      { CHECK ( expression ) |
        UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
        PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
        PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) }
      [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE | INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]
      
    • 其中like选项like_option为:

      { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES | STORAGE | COMMENTS | PARTITION | RELOPTIONS | ALL }
      

其中索引参数index_parameters为:

[ WITH ( {storage_parameter = value} [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]

示例

--创建简单的表。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t1
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);

openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t2
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)         DICTIONARY,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);
--创建表,并指定W_STATE字段的缺省值为GA。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t3
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)           DEFAULT 'GA',
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);

--创建表,并在事务结束时检查W_WAREHOUSE_NAME字段是否有重复。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t4
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER                NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)   UNIQUE DEFERRABLE,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                        ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                    ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                       ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                    ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                    ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                        ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                    ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2) 
);
--创建一个带有70%填充因子的表。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t5
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER                NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                    ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                        ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                    ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                       ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                    ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                    ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                        ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                    ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2),
    UNIQUE(W_WAREHOUSE_NAME) WITH(fillfactor=70)
);

--或者用下面的语法。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t6
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER                NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)              UNIQUE,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                        ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                    ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                       ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                    ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                    ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                        ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                       ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                    ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
) WITH(fillfactor=70);

--创建表,并指定该表数据不写入预写日志。
openGauss=# CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t7
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);

--创建表临时表。
openGauss=# CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE warehouse_t24
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);

--创建本地临时表,并指定提交事务时删除该临时表数据。
openGauss=# CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE warehouse_t25
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;

--创建全局临时表,并指定会话结束时删除该临时表数据。
openGauss=# CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE gtt1
(
    ID                        INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    NAME                      CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    ADDRESS                   VARCHAR(50)                   ,
    POSTCODE                  CHAR(6)
) ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;

--创建表时,不希望因为表已存在而报错。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tpcds.warehouse_t8
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);

--创建普通表空间。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLESPACE DS_TABLESPACE1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/tablespace_1';
--创建表时,指定表空间。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t9
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
) TABLESPACE DS_TABLESPACE1;

--创建表时,单独指定W_WAREHOUSE_NAME的索引表空间。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t10
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)           UNIQUE USING INDEX TABLESPACE DS_TABLESPACE1,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);
--创建一个有主键约束的表。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t11
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER            PRIMARY KEY,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);

---或是用下面的语法,效果完全一样。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t12
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2),
    PRIMARY KEY(W_WAREHOUSE_SK)
);

--或是用下面的语法,指定约束的名称。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t13
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2),
    CONSTRAINT W_CSTR_KEY1 PRIMARY KEY(W_WAREHOUSE_SK)
);

--创建一个有复合主键约束的表。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t14
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2),
    CONSTRAINT W_CSTR_KEY2 PRIMARY KEY(W_WAREHOUSE_SK, W_WAREHOUSE_ID)
);

--创建列存表。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t15
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
) WITH (ORIENTATION = COLUMN);

--创建局部聚簇存储的列存表。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t16
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2),
    PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY(W_WAREHOUSE_SK, W_WAREHOUSE_ID)
) WITH (ORIENTATION = COLUMN);

--定义一个带压缩的列存表。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t17
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
) WITH (ORIENTATION = COLUMN, COMPRESSION=HIGH);

--定义一个带压缩的表。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t18
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
) COMPRESS;

--定义一个检查列约束。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               PRIMARY KEY CHECK (W_WAREHOUSE_SK > 0),
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)           CHECK (W_WAREHOUSE_NAME IS NOT NULL),
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);

openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t20
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               PRIMARY KEY,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)           CHECK (W_WAREHOUSE_NAME IS NOT NULL),
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2),
    CONSTRAINT W_CONSTR_KEY2 CHECK(W_WAREHOUSE_SK > 0 AND W_WAREHOUSE_NAME IS NOT NULL) 
);

--定义一个表,表中每一个行存在数据库节点中。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t21
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2)
);

--定义一个表,使用HASH分布。
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t22
(
    W_WAREHOUSE_SK            INTEGER               NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_ID            CHAR(16)              NOT NULL,
    W_WAREHOUSE_NAME          VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_WAREHOUSE_SQ_FT         INTEGER                       ,
    W_STREET_NUMBER           CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_STREET_NAME             VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_STREET_TYPE             CHAR(15)                      ,
    W_SUITE_NUMBER            CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_CITY                    VARCHAR(60)                   ,
    W_COUNTY                  VARCHAR(30)                   ,
    W_STATE                   CHAR(2)                       ,
    W_ZIP                     CHAR(10)                      ,
    W_COUNTRY                 VARCHAR(20)                   ,
    W_GMT_OFFSET              DECIMAL(5,2),
    CONSTRAINT W_CONSTR_KEY3 UNIQUE(W_WAREHOUSE_SK)
);

--向tpcds.warehouse_t19表中增加一个varchar列。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19 ADD W_GOODS_CATEGORY varchar(30);

--给tpcds.warehouse_t19表增加一个检查约束。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19 ADD CONSTRAINT W_CONSTR_KEY4 CHECK (W_STATE IS NOT NULL);

--在一个操作中改变两个现存字段的类型。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19
    ALTER COLUMN W_GOODS_CATEGORY TYPE varchar(80),
    ALTER COLUMN W_STREET_NAME TYPE varchar(100);

--此语句与上面语句等效。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19 MODIFY (W_GOODS_CATEGORY varchar(30), W_STREET_NAME varchar(60));

--给一个已存在字段添加非空约束。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19 ALTER COLUMN W_GOODS_CATEGORY SET NOT NULL;

--移除已存在字段的非空约束。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19 ALTER COLUMN W_GOODS_CATEGORY DROP NOT NULL;

--如果列存表中还未指定局部聚簇,向在一个列存表中添加局部聚簇列。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t17 ADD PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY(W_WAREHOUSE_SK);

--查看约束的名称,并删除一个列存表中的局部聚簇列。
openGauss=# \d+ tpcds.warehouse_t17
                              Table "tpcds.warehouse_t17"
      Column       |         Type          | Modifiers | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
-------------------+-----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------
 w_warehouse_sk    | integer               | not null  | plain    |              | 
 w_warehouse_id    | character(16)         | not null  | extended |              | 
 w_warehouse_name  | character varying(20) |           | extended |              | 
 w_warehouse_sq_ft | integer               |           | plain    |              | 
 w_street_number   | character(10)         |           | extended |              | 
 w_street_name     | character varying(60) |           | extended |              | 
 w_street_type     | character(15)         |           | extended |              | 
 w_suite_number    | character(10)         |           | extended |              | 
 w_city            | character varying(60) |           | extended |              | 
 w_county          | character varying(30) |           | extended |              | 
 w_state           | character(2)          |           | extended |              | 
 w_zip             | character(10)         |           | extended |              | 
 w_country         | character varying(20) |           | extended |              | 
 w_gmt_offset      | numeric(5,2)          |           | main     |              | 
Partial Cluster :
    "warehouse_t17_cluster" PARTIAL CLUSTER KEY (w_warehouse_sk)
Has OIDs: no
Location Nodes: ALL DATANODES
Options: compression=no, version=0.12
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t17 DROP CONSTRAINT warehouse_t17_cluster;

--将表移动到另一个表空间。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19 SET TABLESPACE PG_DEFAULT; 
--创建模式joe。
openGauss=# CREATE SCHEMA joe;

--将表移动到另一个模式中。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t19 SET SCHEMA joe;

--重命名已存在的表。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE joe.warehouse_t19 RENAME TO warehouse_t23;

--从warehouse_t23表中删除一个字段。
openGauss=# ALTER TABLE joe.warehouse_t23 DROP COLUMN W_STREET_NAME;

--删除表空间、模式joe和模式表warehouse。
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t1;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t2;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t3;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t4;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t5;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t6;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t7;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t8;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t9;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t10;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t11;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t12;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t13;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t14;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t15;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t16;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t17;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t18;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t20;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t21;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t22;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE joe.warehouse_t23;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t24;
openGauss=# DROP TABLE tpcds.warehouse_t25;
openGauss=# DROP TABLESPACE DS_TABLESPACE1;
openGauss=# DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS joe CASCADE;

查看对象

  • 查看帮助信息

    \?
    
  • 切换数据库

    \c dbname
    
  • 列举数据库

    \l
    
  • 列举表

    \dt
    
  • 查看表结构

    \d tablename
    
  • 列举schema

    \dn
    
  • 查看索引

    \di
    
意见反馈
编组 3备份
openGauss 2024-03-19 00:47:31
取消