Keywords

The SQL contains reserved words and non-reserved words. Standards require that reserved keywords not be used as other identifiers. Non-reserved keywords have special meanings only in a specific environment and can be used as identifiers in other environments.

The naming rules for identifiers are as follows:

An identifier name can only contain letters, underscores, digits (0-9), and dollar signs ($).
An identifier name must start with a letter (a to z) or an underscore (_).
NOTE:
- The naming rules are recommended but not mandatory.
- In special cases, double quotation marks (") can be used to avoid special character errors.

Table 1 SQL keywords

Keyword	openGauss	SQL:1999	SQL-92
ABORT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ABS	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
ABSOLUTE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ACCESS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ACCOUNT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ACTION	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ADA	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
ADD	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ADMIN	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
AFTER	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
AGGREGATE	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
ALGORITHM	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ALIAS	N/A	Reserved	N/A
ALL	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ALLOCATE	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
ALSO	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ALTER	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ALWAYS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ANALYSE	Reserved	N/A	N/A
ANALYZE	Reserved	N/A	N/A
AND	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ANY	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
APP	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ARE	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
ARRAY	Reserved	Reserved	N/A
AS	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ASC	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ASENSITIVE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
ASSERTION	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ASSIGNMENT	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
ASYMMETRIC	Reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
AT	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ATOMIC	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
ATTRIBUTE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
AUTHID	Reserved	N/A	N/A
AUTHORIZATION	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
AUTOEXTEND	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
AUTOMAPPED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
AVG	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
BACKWARD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
BARRIER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
BEFORE	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
BEGIN	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
BEGIN_NON_ANOYBLOCK	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
BETWEEN	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Reserved
BIGINT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
BINARY	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	N/A
BINARY_DOUBLE	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
BINARY_INTEGER	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
BIT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
BITVAR	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
BIT_LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
BLOB	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
BOOLEAN	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	N/A
BOTH	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
BUCKETS	Reserved	N/A	N/A
BREADTH	N/A	Reserved	N/A
BY	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
BYTE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
BYTEAWITHOUTODER	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
BYTEAWITHOUTORDERWITHEQUAL	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
C	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CACHE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CALL	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
CALLED	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
CARDINALITY	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
CASCADE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CASCADED	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CASE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CAST	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CATALOG	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CATALOG_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CHAIN	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
CHAR	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
CHARACTER	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
CHARACTERISTICS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CHARACTER_LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CHAR_LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
CHECK	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CHECKED	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
CHECKPOINT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CLASS	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
CLEAN	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CLASS_ORIGIN	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CLIENT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CLIENT_MASTER_KEY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CLIENT_MASTER_KEYS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CLOB	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
CLOSE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CLUSTER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COALESCE	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Reserved
COBOL	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
COLLATE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
COLLATION	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
COLLATION_CATALOG	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
COLLATION_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
COLLATION_SCHEMA	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
COLUMN	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
COLUMN_ENCRYPTION_KEY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COLUMN_ENCRYPTION_KEYS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COLUMN_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
COMPACT	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
COMPATIBLE_ILLEGAL_CHARS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COMMAND_FUNCTION	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
COMPLETE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
COMMENT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COMMENTS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COMMIT	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
COMMITTED	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
COMPRESS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COMPLETION	N/A	Reserved	N/A
CONCURRENTLY	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
CONDITION	N/A	N/A	N/A
CONDITION_NUMBER	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CONFIGURATION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CONNECT	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
CONNECTION	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CONNECTION_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CONSTRAINT	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CONSTRAINTS	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CONSTRUCTOR	N/A	Reserved	N/A
CONTAINS	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
CONTENT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CONTINUE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CONVERSION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CONVERT	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
COPY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CORRESPONDING	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
COST	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
COUNT	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
CREATE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CROSS	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
CSV	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
CUBE	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
CURRENT	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CURRENT_CATALOG	Reserved	N/A	N/A
CURRENT_DATE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CURRENT_PATH	N/A	Reserved	N/A
CURRENT_ROLE	Reserved	Reserved	N/A
CURRENT_SCHEMA	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
CURRENT_TIME	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CURRENT_USER	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CURSOR	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
CURSOR_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
CYCLE	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
DATA	Non-reserved	Reserved	Non-reserved
DATABASE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DATAFILE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DATE_FORMAT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DATATYPE_CL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DATE	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
DELTAMERGE	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
DAY	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DBCOMPATIBILITY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DEALLOCATE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DEC	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
DECIMAL	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
DECLARE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DECODE	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
DEFAULT	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DEFAULTS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DEFERRABLE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DEFERRED	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DEFINED	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
DEFINER	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
DELETE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DELIMITER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DELIMITERS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DELTA	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DEPTH	N/A	Reserved	N/A
DEREF	N/A	Reserved	N/A
DESC	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DESCRIBE	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
DESCRIPTOR	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
DESTROY	N/A	Reserved	N/A
DESTRUCTOR	N/A	Reserved	N/A
DETERMINISTIC	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
DIAGNOSTICS	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
DICTIONARY	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
DIRECT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DIRECTORY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DISABLE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DISCARD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DISCONNECT	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DISPATCH	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
DISTINCT	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DISTRIBUTE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DISTRIBUTION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DO	Reserved	N/A	N/A
DOCUMENT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DOMAIN	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DOUBLE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DROP	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
DUPLICATE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
DYNAMIC	N/A	Reserved	N/A
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
EACH	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
ELSE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ELASTIC	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ENABLE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ENCODING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ENCRYPTED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ENCRYPTED_VALUE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ENCRYPTION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ENCRYPTION_TYPE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
END	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
END-EXEC	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
ENFORCED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ENUM	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EOL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ERRORS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EQUALS	N/A	Reserved	N/A
ESCAPE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ESCAPING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EVERY	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
EXCEPT	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
EXCEPTION	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
EXCHANGE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EXCLUDE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EXCLUDED	Reserved	N/A	N/A
EXCLUDING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EXCLUSIVE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EXEC	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
EXECUTE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
EXISTING	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
EXISTS	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Reserved
EXPIRED_P	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EXPLAIN	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EXTENSION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
EXTERNAL	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
EXTRACT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Reserved
FALSE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
FAMILY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
FAST	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
FETCH	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
FENCED	Reserved	N/A	N/A
FILEHEADER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
FINAL	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
FIRST	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
FIXED	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
FILL_MISSING_FIELDS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
FLOAT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
FOLLOWING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
FOR	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
FORCE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
FOREIGN	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
FORMATTER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
FORTRAN	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
FORWARD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
FOUND	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
FREE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
FREEZE	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
FROM	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
FULL	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
FUNCTION	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
FUNCTIONS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
G	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
GENERAL	N/A	Reserved	N/A
GENERATED	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
GET	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
GLOBAL	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
GO	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
GOTO	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
GRANT	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
GRANTED	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
GREATEST	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
GROUP	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
GROUPING	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	N/A
HANDLER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
HAVING	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
HDFSDIRECTORY	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
HEADER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
HIERARCHY	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
HOLD	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
HOST	N/A	Reserved	N/A
HOUR	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
IDENTIFIED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
IDENTITY	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
IF	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
IGNORE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
IGNORE_EXTRA_DATA	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ILIKE	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
IMMEDIATE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
IMMUTABLE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
IMPLEMENTATION	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
IMPLICIT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
IN	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
INTERNAL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INCLUDING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INCREMENT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INDEX	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INDEXES	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INDICATOR	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
INFIX	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
INHERIT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INHERITS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INITIAL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INITIALIZE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
INITIALLY	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
INITRANS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INLINE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INNER	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
INOUT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	N/A
INPUT	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
INSENSITIVE	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	Reserved
INSERT	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
INSTANCE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
INSTANTIABLE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
INSTEAD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
INT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
INTEGER	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
INTERSECT	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
INTERVAL	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
INTO	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
INVOKER	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
IS	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ISNULL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ISOLATION	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ITERATE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
JOIN	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
JSON_EXISTS	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
K	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
KEY	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
KEY_PATH	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
KEY_MEMBER	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
KEY_STORE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
KEY_TYPE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
KILL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LABEL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LANGUAGE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
LARGE	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
LAST	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
LATERAL	N/A	Reserved	N/A
LC_COLLATE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LC_CTYPE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LEADING	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
LEAKPROOF	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LEAST	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
LEFT	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
LESS	Reserved	Reserved	N/A
LEVEL	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
LIKE	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
LIMIT	Reserved	Reserved	N/A
LISTEN	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LOAD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LOCAL	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
LOCALTIME	Reserved	Reserved	N/A
LOCALTIMESTAMP	Reserved	Reserved	N/A
LOCATION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LOCATOR	N/A	Reserved	N/A
LOCK	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LOG	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LOGGING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LOOP	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
LOWER	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
MAP	N/A	Reserved	N/A
MAPPING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MASTER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MATCH	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
MATCHED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MAX	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
MAXEXTENTS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MAXSIZE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MAXTRANS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MAXVALUE	Reserved	N/A	N/A
MERGE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MESSAGE_LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
MESSAGE_TEXT	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
METHOD	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
MIN	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
MINEXTENTS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MINUS	Reserved	N/A	N/A
MINUTE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
MINVALUE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MOD	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
MODE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MODIFIES	N/A	Reserved	N/A
MODIFY	Reserved	Reserved	N/A
MODULE	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
MONTH	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
MORE	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
MOVE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MOVEMENT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
MUMPS	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
NAME	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
NAMES	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
NATIONAL	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
NATURAL	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
NCHAR	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
NCLOB	N/A	Reserved	N/A
NEW	N/A	Reserved	N/A
NEXT	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
NO	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
NOCOMPRESS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NOCYCLE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NODE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NOLOGGING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NOMAXVALUE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NOMINVALUE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NONE	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	N/A
NOT	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
NOTHING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NOTIFY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NOTNULL	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
NOWAIT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NULL	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
NULLABLE	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
NULLIF	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Reserved
NULLS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NUMBER	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
NUMERIC	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
NUMSTR	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
NVARCHAR2	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
NVL	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
OBJECT	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
OCTET_LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
OF	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
OFF	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
OFFSET	Reserved	N/A	N/A
OIDS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
OLD	N/A	Reserved	N/A
ON	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ONLY	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
OPEN	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
OPERATION	N/A	Reserved	N/A
OPERATOR	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
OPTIMIZATION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
OPTION	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
OPTIONS	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
OR	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ORDER	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ORDINALITY	N/A	Reserved	N/A
OUT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	N/A
OUTER	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
OUTPUT	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
OVER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
OVERLAPS	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Non-reserved	Reserved
OVERLAY	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	N/A
OVERRIDING	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
OWNED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
OWNER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PACKAGE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PAD	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
PARAMETER	N/A	Reserved	N/A
PARAMETERS	N/A	Reserved	N/A
PARAMETER_MODE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
PARAMETER_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
PARSER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PARTIAL	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
PARTITION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PARTITIONS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PASCAL	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
PASSING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PASSWORD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PATH	N/A	Reserved	N/A
PCTFREE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PERM	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PERCENT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PERFORMANCE	Reserved	N/A	N/A
PLACING	Reserved	N/A	N/A
PLAN	Non-reserved
PLANS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PLI	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
POOL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
POLICY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
POSITION	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Reserved
POSTFIX	N/A	Reserved	N/A
PRECEDING	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PRECISION	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
PREFERRED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PREFIX	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
PREORDER	N/A	Reserved	N/A
PREPARE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
PREPARED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PRESERVE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
PRIMARY	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
PRIOR	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
PRIVATE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PRIVILEGE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PRIVILEGES	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
PROCEDURAL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PROCEDURE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
PROFILE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
PUBLIC	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
QUERY	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
QUOTE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RANDOMIZED	Non-reserved	N/A
RANGE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RAW	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
READ	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
READS	N/A	Reserved	N/A
REAL	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
REASSIGN	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
REBUILD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RECHECK	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RECURSIVE	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
REF	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
REFERENCES	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
REFERENCING	N/A	Reserved	N/A
REINDEX	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
REJECT	Reserved	N/A	N/A
RELATIVE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
RELEASE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RELOPTIONS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
REMOTE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RENAME	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
REPEATABLE	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
REPLACE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
REPLICA	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RESET	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RESIZE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RESOURCE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RESTART	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
RESTRICT	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
RESULT	N/A	Reserved	N/A
RETURN	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
RETURNED_LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
RETURNED_SQLSTATE	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
RETURNING	Reserved	N/A	N/A
RETURNS	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
REUSE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
REVOKE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
RIGHT	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Reserved	Reserved
ROLE	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
ROLLBACK	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ROLLUP	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
ROUTINE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
ROUTINE_CATALOG	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
ROUTINE_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
ROUTINE_SCHEMA	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
ROW	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	N/A
ROWS	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
ROW_COUNT	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
RULE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ROWNUM	Reserved	Reserved	N/A
SAVEPOINT	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
SCALE	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
SCHEMA	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SCHEMA_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
SCOPE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
SCROLL	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SEARCH	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
SECOND	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SECTION	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
SECURITY	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
SELECT	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SELF	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
SENSITIVE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
SEQUENCE	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
SEQUENCES	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SERIALIZABLE	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
SERVER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SERVER_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
SESSION	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SESSION_USER	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SET	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SETOF	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
SETS	N/A	Reserved	N/A
SHARE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SHIPPABLE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SHOW	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SHUTDOWN	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SIMILAR	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	Non-reserved	N/A
SIMPLE	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
SIZE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SMALLDATETIME_FORMAT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SMALLDATETIME	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
SMALLINT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
SNAPSHOT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SOME	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SOURCE	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
SPACE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
SPECIFIC	N/A	Reserved	N/A
SPECIFICTYPE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
SPECIFIC_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
SPILL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SPLIT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SQL	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
SQLCODE	N/A	N/A	Reserved
SQLERROR	N/A	N/A	Reserved
SQLEXCEPTION	N/A	Reserved	N/A
SQLSTATE	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
SQLWARNING	N/A	Reserved	N/A
STABLE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STANDALONE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
START	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
STATE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
STATEMENT	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
STATEMENT_ID	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STATIC	N/A	Reserved	N/A
STATISTICS	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STDIN	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STDOUT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STORAGE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STORE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STRICT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STRIP	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
STRUCTURE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
STYLE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
SUBLIST	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
SUBSTRING	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Reserved
SUM	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
SYMMETRIC	Reserved	Non-reserved	N/AN/A
SYNONYM	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SYS_REFCURSOR	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SYSDATE	Reserved	N/A	N/A
SYSID	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
SYSTEM	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	N/A
SYSTEM_USER	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
TABLE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
TABLES	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TABLE_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
TIME_FORMAT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TIMESTAMP_FORMAT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TEMP	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TEMPLATE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TEMPORARY	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
TERMINATE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
TEXT	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
THAN	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
THEN	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
TIME	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
TIMESTAMP	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
TIMESTAMPDIFF	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
TIMEZONE_HOUR	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
TIMEZONE_MINUTE	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
TINYINT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
TO	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
TRAILING	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
TRANSACTION	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
TRANSFORM	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
TRANSFORMS	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
TRANSLATE	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
TRANSLATION	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
TREAT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	N/A
TRIGGER	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
TRIGGER_CATALOG	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
TRIGGER_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
TRIGGER_SCHEMA	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
TRIM	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Non-reserved	Reserved
TRUE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
TRUNCATE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TRUSTED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TSFIELD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TSTAG	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TSTIME	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
TYPE	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
TYPES	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UESCAPE	N/A	N/A	N/A
UNBOUNDED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UNCOMMITTED	Non-reserved	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
UNDER	N/A	Reserved	N/A
UNENCRYPTED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UNION	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
UNIQUE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
UNKNOWN	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
UNLIMITED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UNLISTEN	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UNLOCK	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UNLOGGED	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UNNAMED	N/A	Non-reserved	Non-reserved
UNNEST	N/A	Reserved	N/A
UNTIL	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UNUSABLE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
UPDATE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
UPPER	N/A	Non-reserved	Reserved
USAGE	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
USER	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	N/A	Non-reserved	N/A
USING	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
VACUUM	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
VALID	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
VALIDATE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
VALIDATION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
VALIDATOR	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
VALUE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
VALUES	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
VARCHAR	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	Reserved	Reserved
VARCHAR2	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
VARIABLE	N/A	Reserved	N/A
VARIADIC	Reserved	N/A	N/A
VARYING	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
VCGROUP	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
VERBOSE	Reserved (functions and types allowed)	N/A	N/A
VERSION	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
VERIFY	Reserved	N/A	N/A
VIEW	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
VOLATILE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
WHEN	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
WHENEVER	N/A	Reserved	Reserved
WHERE	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
WHITESPACE	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
WINDOW	Reserved	N/A	N/A
WITH	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
WITHIN	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
WITHOUT	Non-reserved	Reserved	N/A
WORK	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
WORKLOAD	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
WRAPPER	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
WRITE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
XML	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
XMLATTRIBUTES	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
XMLCONCAT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
XMLELEMENT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
XMLEXISTS	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
XMLFOREST	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
XMLPARSE	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
XMLPI	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
XMLROOT	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
XMLSERIALIZE	Non-reserved (excluding functions and types)	N/A	N/A
YEAR	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved
YES	Non-reserved	N/A	N/A
ZONE	Non-reserved	Reserved	Reserved